Overall, the present study shows that consumption of naturally enriched dairy products in amounts similar to habitual intakes of these foods increased the c9,t11 CLA content of plasma and cellular lipids.
Consuming the CLA-enriched dairy products increased the c9,t11 CLA concentration in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) (38 % P = 0.035), triacylglycerol (TAG) (22 % P < 0.0001) and cholesteryl esters (205 % P < 0.0001), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (238 % P < 0.0001), while tVA concentration was greater in plasma PC (65 % P = 0.035), TAG (98 % P = 0.001) and PBMC (84 % P = 0.004). c9,t11 CLA concentration in plasma lipids was lower after consuming the control products, which may reflect the two-fold greater c9,t11 CLA content of the commercial products. Six-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were intramuscularly injected with 15 mg/kg of DMH twice per week for 6 weeks and fed a control diet, 1 t 10 c 12, or 1 c 9 t 11 for 30 weeks. After 7 weeks washout, this was repeated with the alternate products. The present study examined which of the two main CLA isomers, trans-10,cis-12 CLA (t10c12) or cis-9,trans-11 CLA (c9t11), decreases colon tumor numbers and the mechanisms for this effect. Subjects aged 34-60 years consumed dairy products available from food retailers for 1 week and then either control (0.17 g c9,t11 CLA/d 0.31 g trans-vaccenic acid (tVA)/d) or CLA-enriched (1.43 g c9,t11 CLA/d 4.71 g tVA/d) dairy products for 6 weeks. The study had a double-blind cross-over design.
Interestingly, trans-9, trans-11 CLA altered the milk fat desaturase index, further demonstrating that alterations in desaturase can occur.
Trans Day of Remembrance is founded in the USA, and then later in the UK and worldwide, to memorialise those who have been murdered as a result of transphobia and to bring attention to the continued violence endured by the trans community. The present study investigated whether consuming dairy products naturally enriched in cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by modification of cattle feed increases the concentration of this isomer in plasma and cellular lipids in healthy men. When all treatments were considered, results suggested that trans9, cis-11 was the CLA isomer in the 9, 11 CLA mix responsible for the reduction in milk fat synthesis, although the magnitude was less than that observed for trans-10, cis-12 CLA. After a campaign by Outrage and Amnesty International they are awarded compensation by the UK Government.